AMH: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Database

Interactions

STRING	MINT	IntAct
ENSP00000483403		P10912

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Associated Diseases

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Disease group	Disease Name	References
Endocrine System Diseases
Endocrine System Diseases	PCOS	30477916, 25558667
Reproductive disorders
	Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome	11760020, 2562843, 1483695, 2023927
	Female Urogenital Diseases	16002989

References

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PubMed ID	Associated gene/s	Associated condition	Genetic Mutation	Diagnostic Criteria	Association with PCOS	Ethnicity	Conclusion
16359965				Rotterdam criteria	Related	46 women with PCOS and 25 age-matched ovulatory controls	Women with PCOS with the highest levels of MIS had higher ovarian volumes and values of LH, T, A, and insulin
17062765					Related	29 (13 controls, 16 PCO )	AMH levels are higher in polycystic ovaries as compared to normal ovaries
24002402		Hyperandrogenism and oligoanovulation			Direct		AMH level is increased in PCOS
25558667		PCOS			Direct	100 women with PCOS,	These data on serum AMH levels in four major phenotypes of PCOS allow its use as an additional diagnostic criterion for diagnosis
25467043		PCOS		Rotterdam criteria	Direct	438 women attending the fertility clinic	Subfertile women with PCOS secrete significantly more AMH per antral follicle than women with PCOM only and control women.
25267785		PCOS		Rotterdam criteria	Direct	621 controls, 272 PCOS	This study concludes that AMH can detect women with PCOM with a high specificity
25119192		PCOS		Rotterdam criteria	Direct	71 Indonesian controls, 71 Indonesian women with PCOS	In Indonesian women, AMH can be used as an alternative diagnostic criteria for PCOS patients with a cut-off value of 4.45 ng/ml
25045796		PCOS		NIH criteria	Direct	160 Chinese women with PCOS , 40 healthy Chinese women	AMH is a useful parameter to assess in the different phenotypes the severity of PCOS
25040369		PCOS		Rotterdam criteria	Direct	22 lean and 21 overweight women with PCOS, 19 lean and 16 overweight non-PCOS healthy controls	AMH can be useful for diagnosis
18854405	ACVR1		Genetic variation within ACVR1	Rotterdam criteria	Related	359 PCOS patients and 30 normo-ovulatory and 3543 population-based control women	Genetic variation within ACVR1 is associated with AMH levels and follicle number in PCOS women, suggesting that ALK2 signalling contributes to the disturbed folliculogenesis in PCOS patients.
24961320		PCOS		Rotterdam criteria	Direct	80 women with PCOS	AMH may be used as a surrogate parameter in PCOS diagnosis
24898132		PCOS			Direct	56 women with PCOS, 30 controls	AMH levels are significantly higher in patients with PCOS, particularly in those women with PCOS and IR.
24792539		PCOS			Direct	170 women with PCOS, 25 women with LOCAH	AMH is not suitable for distinguishing LOCAH from all types of hyperandrogenic patterns of PCOS, but is only applicable for a specific subtype, such as PCOS patients with three main diagnostic criteria
24768424		PCOS			Direct	2241 patients (acne, hirsutism, androgenetic alopecia, and menstrual dysfunction ), 107 patients with serum 17 -hydroxyprogesterone (17 -OHP) levels higher than 2 ng/ml	Among hyperandrogenemic patients with serum 17 -OHP levels >2 ng/ml, serum AMH levels might be introduced as a marker to be utilized clinically in the differential diagnosis of hyperandrogenemic patients, especially for identifying patients with PCOS
24593938		PCOS			Direct	134 infertile women	This data characterizes a population of women with elevated AMH levels, demonstrating that the vast majority of women with AMH >10 ng/mL have PCOS.
24435776		PCOS		Rotterdam criteria	Direct	863 women	AMH may be used as a marker of polycystic ovaries in PCOS
24343036		PCOS		Rotterdam criteria	Direct	606 womenwith menustral irregularity	The serum AMH level is a useful diagnostic marker for PCOS and is correlated with conventional diagnostic criteria.
24341292		PCOS		Rotterdam criteria	Direct	20 anovulatory women with PCOS	PCOS women with markedly raised circulating AMH seem to be resistant to hMG ovulation induction and may require a higher starting dose
24328568		PCOS			Direct	463 PCOS patients	There was a strong correlation between AMH levels and PCOM
24303884		PCOS			Direct	437 PCOS patients, 150 normo-ovulatory women	AMH may be a useful parameter to assess the severity and prognosis of PCOS since certain differences exist to normo-ovulatory women
23377771		PCOS		Rotterdam criteria	Direct	125 women with PCOS, 90 controls	The study suggests that the severity of symptoms of PCOS is positively related to the number of small follicles and that AMH may play an important part in the pathophysiology of anovulation.
23772776					Direct		The data demonstrates a pathological dysregulation of AMH expression and secretion in follicles from PCOS patients and emphasize the association between the physiological downregulation of AMH and follicular antral health.
23775353				Rotterdam criteria	Related	Ten studies of the initial 314	AMH may be a useful initial diagnostic test for PCOS
23426830				Rotterdam criteria	Related	23 adolescent females with PCOS and 12 age and BMI-matched female controls	There is a positive relationship between serum AMH and ovarian volume as well as peripheral follicular distribution in adolescents with PCOS.
23371438			PCOS risk SNPs (rs10407022 and rs8112524)		Related	475 PCOS patients and 512 normal chinese womens	Although individual TagSNPs in AMH gene do not affect susceptibility to PCOS, haplotypes of the two SNPs were associated with PCOS risk, as TA haplotype might enhance susceptibility to PCOS and GA inversely.
22886405		Hyperandrogenism		Rotterdam criteria	Related	131 with PCOS patients with oligomenorrhea, 62 and 69 with and without hyperandrogenism	AMH is only suitable for predicting the PCOS patients with hyperandrogenism
22771030				Rotterdam criteria	Related	54 anovulatory women with PCOS and 28 age- and weight-matched control	AMH may help predict ovulatory function with aging in anovulatory women with PCOS
22673409				Rotterdam criteria	Related	87 women with PCOS and 53 control	Differences of the association of AMH with clinical or biochemical characteristics between women with PCOS and control groups were observed.
22541936		Hyperandrogenism		NIH criteria	Related	volunteers (without = 19 or with =28 )PCOS, hyperandrogenemic(typical PCOS= 37and atypical PCOS = 18).	Very high AMH levels are specific but insensitive for PCOS.
22455685	FSH				Related	33 patients with PCOS,China	FSH may inhibit the excessive secretion of AMH and stimulate follicle growth in PCOS granulosa cells
22340740					Related	59 healthy women, 7 patients with premature ovarian failure and 45 PCOS patients were enrolled	The data on Taiwanese women demonstrates age-related decline in AMH levels and establish an AMH-based method for detecting PCOS, which may be used as reference data for future AMH studies on Taiwanese women.
21926054		Hyperandrogenism , Menstrual disorders and/or Infertility		Rotterdam criteria	Related	240 patients	A serum AMH >35 pmol/l (or >5 ng/ml) appears to be more sensitive and specific than a FN >19 and should be therefore included in the current diagnostic classifications for PCOS.
21917251		Decreased gonadotropin-stimulated aromatase			Related		The AMH inhibits factors affecting FSH sensitivity. As AMH levels decrease with follicle growth, this inhibition would be removed. The AMH overproduction in anovulatory polycystic ovaries (PCO) may therefore restrict folliculogenesis by an inhibitory effect on FSH sensitivity, thereby contributing to anovulation.
21784736					Related	74non-obese adolescents age range:13.5-19.75 yrs with regular menstrual cycles	The elevated AMH and lower FSH levels observed in healthy girls with regular menses and PCOM suggest that this ovarian pattern is secondary to a larger number of 2-5 mm follicles. An elevated AMH level is suggestive of the presence of PCOM during adolescence.
21752527					Related	87 women(54 normal and 33 overweight) with PCOS and 50 healthy women (28 normal and 22 overweight)	AMH reflect the disturbances of gonadotrophins release in PCOS
21737073					Related	124 women with secondary oligoamenorrhea and 26 women with normal ovulation	AMH serves as a useful diagnostic tool in the differential diagnosis of pcos
21602314		Functional androgenization			Related	178 patients with Functional androgenization and 30 women as control.	AMH is useful primary vriable in the algorithm of FA classification
21549367				Rotterdam criteria	Related	290 patients women.	AMH levels increase the risk of PCOS
21514585	FSH			Rotterdam criteria	Related	PCOSgranulosa cells=12, exogenous FSH (5 ng/mL)-stimulated, internal FSH (150-300 IU/d)-stimulated PCOS granulosa cells=20, and control=29	Enhanced promoter activity can cause excessive production of AMH in PCOS granulosa cells. FSH may inhibit the excessive secretion of AMH by suppressing the luciferase activity of AMH promoter, but it has no effect on AMHRII expression.
21457958		Infertility		Rotterdam criteria	Related	3,871 infertile women.	Age-related normograms in non-PCO infertile women for the 3rd to 97th percentiles were produced. These normograms could provide a reference guide for the clinician to consult women with infertility. However, future validation with longitudinal data is still needed.
21029609	LH and FSH				Related	95 PCOS patients (49 higher ratio (LH/FSH 2) and 46 normal ratio (LH/FSH < 2)and 62 infertile and regular menstrual cycle controls	Higher LH/FSH ratio are caused by hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, PCOS patients with normal LH/FSH ratio caused by metabolic disorders.
20940513				Rotterdam criteria	Related	26 women with PCOS and 42 normo-ovulatory controls	Serum basal, and not intrafollicular, AMH levels may be a good predictive factor for quantitative and qualitative IVF outcomes in normo-ovulatory, but not in PCOS patients.
20809108					Related	47 adolescent and young adult Chinese patients with PCOS and 40 age-matched controls.	AMH level was higher in PCOS patients than in controls and related to mean ovarian volume in PCOS patients
20610596		Hyperandrogenism		Rotterdam criteria	Related	270 women with PCOS(Rotterdam Criteria) and 217 infertile nonhyperandrogenic normoovulatory women	Both FN and/or serum AMH were strongly correlated to the second PC along with androgens, they may be used equally as surrogates for the classical markers of ovarian HA.
20598902				Rotterdam criteria	Related		MIF levels were significantly higher in women compared to controls regardless of weight class
20150576				Rotterdam criteria	Related	Oligomenorrheic girls (n = 24),PCOS (n = 153),normal adolescent girls (n = 39),PCOS (n = 73) and normal adult(n = 36).	Oligomenorrheic girls had serum AMH levels that were significantly greater than the normal adolescents and adults
20138267				Rotterdam criteria	Related	60 womens with PCOS	AMH can be used as a marker for ovarian response
20021712				Rotterdam criteria	Related		AMH concentration on the day of oocyte retrieval would appear to better reflect the reproductive outcome in PCOS.
19617605		Hyperandrogenaemia and insulin resistance		Rotterdam criteria	Related	232 IVF candidates, 49 of whom had PCOS	AMH is similarly related to insulin resistance and androgens in women with and without PCOS
19438903	INSULIN				Related	120 healthy, reproductive age women without PCOS
19380385		Obesity		Rotterdam criteria	Related	52 overweight and obese women with PCOS and reproductive impairmen	In overweight and obese women with PCOS and reproductive dysfunction, a 20-week weight loss intervention resulted in improvements in reproductive function but no change in AMH levels.
19361798	FSH			Rotterdam criteria	Related	22 patients with PCOS and 20 controls undergoing IVF	AMH may have harmful consequences on oocyte quality and final maturation through unknown mechanisms.
19208775		Advanced Glycosylated End products(AGEs)			Related	60 women with PCOS (37 anovulatory and 23 regularly ovulating) and 25 normal women	AGEs and AMH may interact in the anovulatory mechanisms in women with PCOS
18957615	LH			Rotterdam criteria	Related	25 normal-weight and 25 obese or overweight women	The differences in circulating AMH levels between the main phenotypic groups of PCOS women appear to reflect the severity of the syndrome, but are negatively affected by obesity.
18697861	FSHR	Hyperandrogenism		Rotterdam criteria	Related	17 patients with PCOS and 15 controls	AMH and FSHR mRNA levels were significantly higher in PCOS than in controls
18550512		disordered folliculogenesis		Rotterdam criteria	Related	Anovulatory PCOS (n = 11) and those with regular ovulatory cycles (n = 8)	Highly elevated AMH in follicular fluid from PCOS patients in contrast to age-matched normal controls suggests that increased circulating concentrations of AMH are partly due to the increased production of AMH by individual follicles and not simply attributable to the increased number of small antral follicles.
18256110		Androgen and insulin resistance		Rotterdam criteria	Related	99 Taiwanese women with PCOS	Our results suggest that not only the AMH level, but also obesity, IR and elevated androgen levels may relate to the development of the large size of antral follicle pool and ovarian volume in women with PCOS.
18230658				Rotterdam criteria	Related	331 women with PCOS, 32 normoovulatory controls, and 3635 population-based controls	Genetic variants in the AMH and AMH type II receptor gene do not influence PCOS susceptibility. However, our results suggest that the AMH Ile(49)Ser polymorphism contributes to the severity of the PCOS phenotype.
17852413					Related	21 PCOS women undergoing laparoscopic ovarian drilling	This study showed that ovarian reserve assessed by hormonal levels and sonography seems to be lower in the LOD than in the PCOS group. The PCOS women both with and without LOD had significantly greater ovarian reserve than the age-matched controls having normal ovulatory menstruation.
17652213		Menstrual dysfunction		Rotterdam criteria	Related	PCOS (n = 26, age 32.9 +/- 5.8 yr)	Overweight women with PCOS respond to weight loss with menstrual improvements have significantly reduced preweight loss AMH
17517397	CYP19				Related	8 normo-ovulatory patients undergoing IVF	AMH inhibits CYP19 enzyme activity
17488788				NIH criteria	Related	28 daughters (8-16 yr old) of PCOS women (PCOSd) and 33 daughters (8-16 yr old) of control women	PCOSd appear to show an increased follicular mass that is established during early development, and persists during puberty
17299061				PCOS subjects exhibited clinical and biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism and were either oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic.	Related	PCOS (age, 18-35 yr; n = 16) and normal ovulatory controls (age, 18-35 yr; n = 11)	Acute exposure to FSH does not appear to exert an effect on AMHproduction.
17240243					Related	20 women with PCOS and 10 normoovulatory women undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH)	AMH is a good predictor of the ovarian response to COH in normoovulatory women but not in PCOS
16720659				NIH criteria	Related	14 female infants (2-3 months) and 25 prepubertal girls (4-7 yr) born to PCOS mothers and 21 female infants and 24 prepubertal girls as control	The study concludes that serum AMH concentrations are increased in prepubertal daughters of PCOS women, suggesting that these girls appear to show evidence of an altered follicular development during infancy and childhood.
16616745		Secondary Amenorrhea		Rotterdam criteria	Related		AMH was significantly lowerin patients with POF and significantly higher in patients affected by PCOS
16368745				Rotterdam criteria	Related	73 PCOS patients and 96 controls	Serum AMH levels were 3-fold higher in PCOS patients than in controls
16213847				Rotterdam criteria	Related	Thirty-one girls (12-18 years old) with PCOS and 17 girls (12-19 years old) with normal menstrual cycles.	Serum MIS levels in girls with PCOS were significantly higher compared with normal girls
16030171					Related	7 normoovulatory women and 16 women with polycystic ovaries	Relative deficiency of AMH in primordial and transitional follicles in ovaries from anovulatory women with polycystic ovaries
15217995				Rotterdam criteria	Related	98 patients suffering from WHO 2 anovulatory infertility as well as in 41 normo-ovulatory premenopausal women	AMH concentrations decrease over time both in women presenting with WHO2 anovulatory infertility and in normoovulatory controls
14671196				Rotterdam criteria	Related	104 women (59 symptomatic PCOS, 45 controls	The study hypothesizes that an increased AMH tone within the cohort could be involved in the follicular arrest of PCOS, by interacting negatively with FSH at the time of selection.
11779604				27 women were assigned a diagnosis of PCOS, on the basis of the following criteria: [1] ovulatory dysfunction with irregular menstrual bleeding (oliogomenorrhea) with fewer than six menses in the previous 12 months, and [2] evidence of hirsutism or hyper	Related	27 women with PCOS and 20 women with normal menstrual cycles.	In this study, women with PCOS have significantly higher serum MIS levels than normal women. The inverse relationship between mllerian-inhibiting substance and E(2) levels suggests that MIS may modulate ovarian E(2) synthesis and have a role in the disordered folliculogenesis characteristic of PCOS.
9130910		Infertility and endometriosis			Related	66 patients: 20 with tubal factor infertility, 17 with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and 29 with endometriosis	PCOS womens had higher serum and MIS levels, a higher percentage of immature oocytes, and lower fertilization rates
22131240					Related	60 PCOS patients	Pretreatment MIS/AMH is highly associated with the number of mature oocytes retrieved during COH in PCOS women
21623990					Related	529 PCOS patients and 585 healthy female controls	MIF-173G/C polymorphism is associated with PCOS
22344736	INSULIN				Related	135 PCOSd and 93 Cd classified according to their Tanner stage	AMH levels are increased in PCOSd during all stages of puberty
23321213		PCOS		Rotterdam criteria	Direct	30 PCOS, 30 controls	The fact that this dysregulation is observed in oligo/anovulatory, but not in normo-ovulatory, PCOSwomen emphasizes the role of LH in the follicular arrest of PCOS women and suggests that this involves the AMH/AMHR-II system.
23506275		Hyperandrogenism (HA) and oligo-anovulation			Direct	22 PCOS with hyperandrogenism and oligo-anovulation,15 PCOS with either HA/OA and 22 control	The data confirms that the AMH assay has a high diagnostic potential, providing that an appropriate threshold is used.
23806449					Related	251 pateints divide into 4 groups depending upon ovarian morphology	The highest AMH levels were found in cases where all three main diagnostic criteria existed. AMH levels correlate best with PCOM.
23904873	FSH, testosterone	PCOS		Rotterdam criteria	Related	42 healthy normo-ovulatory women and 61 women with PCOS	In this study underlines the relation between AMH and years since menarche as well as the AMH differences in relation with certain clinical or endocrine characteristics between normal and PCOS women.
23928669	INSL3	PCOS		Rotterdam criteria	Direct	57 women with PCOS, 27 controls	INSL3 and AMH levels are significantly correlated with each other in women with PCOS, and they are significantly increased, particularly in the presence of amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea.
23980726	LH, FSH and E2	Hyperandrogenism or oligo-anovulation			Related	PCOS 419 and without PCOS 151	Serum AMH measurement is very valuable in the diagnosis of PCOS women.
24023708	LH, Androgens, FSH, progesterone	PCOS		Rotterdam criteria	Direct	8 anovulatory PCOS-women, 10 controls	A significant difference in the circadian secretion of LH and AMH in PCOS women compared to normally ovulating women indicate an increased GnRH pulse, creating high and constant LH serum concentrations.
24294740	LH, FSH and E2	PCOS		Rotterdam criteria	Direct	65 women with PCOS, 50 healthy women	This study concludes that women with PCOS had significantly higher serum levels of AMH compared with the control group.
24746743		PCOS			Direct	1,896 Chinese infertile control women, 304 Chinese women with PCOS	This study determined reference values of serum AMH in Chinese women with and without PCOS
25003376		PCOS		NIH criteria	DIRECT	31 non-obese girls, 15 with PCOS, 16 healthy control subjects	Our data suggest that AMH may be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents