APLN: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Database

Gene Information

Gene Symbol

APLN

Aliases

APEL, XNPEP2

Entrez Gene ID

8862

Gene Name

Apelin

Chromosomal Location

Xq26.1

HGNC ID

HGNC:16665

Summary

This gene encodes a peptide that functions as an endogenous ligand for the G-protein coupled apelin receptor. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed into biologically active C-terminal peptide fragments. These peptide fragments activate different tissue specific signaling pathways that regulate diverse biological functions including fluid homeostasis, cardiovascular function and insulin secretion. This protein also functions as a coreceptor for the human immunodeficiency virus 1. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2016]

RefSeq DNA

NG_016718.1

RefSeq mRNA

NM_017413.5

e!Ensembl

Gene	ENSG00000171388
Transcript	ENST00000429967
Protein	ENSP00000391800

Gene Ontology (GO)

Show/Hide all(16 )

GO ID	Ontology	Function	Evidence	Reference
GO:0006955	Biological process	Immune response	TAS	10525157
GO:0007165	Biological process	Signal transduction	TAS	9792798
GO:0007595	Biological process	Lactation	TAS	10525157
GO:0010629	Biological process	Negative regulation of gene expression	IGI	23263626
GO:0040037	Biological process	Negative regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IGI	23263626
GO:0060183	Biological process	Apelin receptor signaling pathway	IDA	11359874
GO:0060183	Biological process	Apelin receptor signaling pathway	IMP	28137936
GO:1902895	Biological process	Positive regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA	23263626
GO:1904022	Biological process	Positive regulation of G protein-coupled receptor internalization	IDA	11359874
GO:1904706	Biological process	Negative regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation	IMP	23263626
GO:1905564	Biological process	Positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	IDA	23263626
GO:0005576	Cellular component	Extracellular region	IDA	28137936
GO:0005615	Cellular component	Extracellular space	IBA	21873635
GO:0005102	Molecular function	Signaling receptor binding	TAS	9792798, 10525157
GO:0005179	Molecular function	Hormone activity	IMP	28137936
GO:0031704	Molecular function	Apelin receptor binding	IDA	28137936

Protein Information

Protein Name

Apelin, AGTRL1 ligand, APJ endogenous ligand

Function

Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APLNR) (PubMed:10525157). Drives internalization of the apelin receptor (By similarity). Apelin-36 dissociates more hardly than (pyroglu)apelin-13 from APLNR (By similarity). Hormone involved in the regulation of cardiac precursor cell movements during gastrulation and heart morphogenesis (By similarity). Has an inhibitory effect on cytokine production in response to T-cell receptor/CD3 cross-linking; the oral intake of apelin in the colostrum and the milk might therefore modulate immune responses in neonates (By similarity). Plays a role in early coronary blood vessels formation (By similarity). Mediates myocardial contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner (By similarity). May also have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis by influencing vasopressin release and drinking behavior (By similarity). .; (Microbial infection) Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APLNR), an alternative coreceptor with CD4 for HIV-1 infection (PubMed:11090199). Inhibits HIV-1 entry in cells coexpressing CD4 and APLNR (PubMed:11090199). Apelin-36 has a greater inhibitory activity on HIV infection than other synthetic apelin derivatives (PubMed:11090199).

Refseq Proteins

NP_059109.3

UniProt

Q9ULZ1

Pfam

Pfam Accession	Pfam ID
PF15360	Apelin