CCL2: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Database

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CCL2

Gene Information

Gene Ontology (GO)

Protein Information

Associated Diseases

Pathways

References

Gene Information

Gene Symbol

CCL2

Aliases

GDCF-2, HC11, HSMCR30, MCAF, MCP-1, MCP1, SCYA2, SMC-CF

Entrez Gene ID

6347

Gene Name

C-C motif chemokine ligand 2

Chromosomal Location

17q12

HGNC ID

HGNC:10618

Summary

This gene is one of several cytokine genes clustered on the q-arm of chromosome 17. Chemokines are a superfamily of secreted proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. The superfamily is divided into four subfamilies based on the arrangement of N-terminal cysteine residues of the mature peptide. This chemokine is a member of the CC subfamily which is characterized by two adjacent cysteine residues. This cytokine displays chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not for neutrophils or eosinophils. It has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases characterized by monocytic infiltrates, like psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis. It binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR4. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2013]

RefSeq DNA

NG_012123.1

RefSeq mRNA

NM_002982.4

e!Ensembl

Gene	ENSG00000108691
Transcript	ENST00000580907, ENST00000225831
Protein	ENSP00000462156, ENSP00000225831

Gene Ontology (GO)

Show/Hide all(55 )

GO ID	Ontology	Function	Evidence	Reference
GO:0000165	Biological process	MAPK cascade	IMP	21147091
GO:0001525	Biological process	Angiogenesis	TAS	18334747
GO:0002548	Biological process	Monocyte chemotaxis	IBA	21873635
GO:0002548	Biological process	Monocyte chemotaxis	IDA	12207323
GO:0006468	Biological process	Protein phosphorylation	TAS	9670957
GO:0006935	Biological process	Chemotaxis	TAS	10623817
GO:0006954	Biological process	Inflammatory response	IBA	21873635
GO:0006954	Biological process	Inflammatory response	IDA	21147091
GO:0006959	Biological process	Humoral immune response	TAS	9548499
GO:0007010	Biological process	Cytoskeleton organization	IDA	10072545
GO:0007155	Biological process	Cell adhesion	TAS	10198043
GO:0007165	Biological process	Signal transduction	NAS	10770925
GO:0007166	Biological process	Cell surface receptor signaling pathway	TAS	9548499
GO:0007186	Biological process	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IBA	21873635
GO:0007187	Biological process	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	TAS	10770925
GO:0007259	Biological process	JAK-STAT cascade	TAS	9670957
GO:0008360	Biological process	Regulation of cell shape	IDA	10072545
GO:0009617	Biological process	Response to bacterium	NAS	16034137
GO:0009887	Biological process	Animal organ morphogenesis	TAS	9364936
GO:0019079	Biological process	Viral genome replication	TAS	10985244
GO:0019221	Biological process	Cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	IDA	12207323
GO:0019725	Biological process	Cellular homeostasis	TAS	18334747
GO:0030593	Biological process	Neutrophil chemotaxis	IBA	21873635
GO:0031663	Biological process	Lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	IDA	21147091
GO:0034351	Biological process	Negative regulation of glial cell apoptotic process	IDA	12753088
GO:0043491	Biological process	Protein kinase B signaling	IMP	21147091
GO:0043524	Biological process	Negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	IDA	12753088
GO:0043547	Biological process	Positive regulation of GTPase activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0043615	Biological process	Astrocyte cell migration	IDA	12271471
GO:0044344	Biological process	Cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus	IEP	9407497
GO:0048245	Biological process	Eosinophil chemotaxis	IBA	21873635
GO:0048246	Biological process	Macrophage chemotaxis	IDA	12207323
GO:0048247	Biological process	Lymphocyte chemotaxis	IBA	21873635
GO:0070098	Biological process	Chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	IBA	21873635
GO:0070374	Biological process	Positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	IBA	21873635
GO:0071346	Biological process	Cellular response to interferon-gamma	IBA	21873635
GO:0071346	Biological process	Cellular response to interferon-gamma	IEP	9407497
GO:0071347	Biological process	Cellular response to interleukin-1	IBA	21873635
GO:0071347	Biological process	Cellular response to interleukin-1	IEP	9407497
GO:0071356	Biological process	Cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	IBA	21873635
GO:0071356	Biological process	Cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	IEP	9407497
GO:0071407	Biological process	Cellular response to organic cyclic compound	IDA	21147091
GO:0090280	Biological process	Positive regulation of calcium ion import	IDA	10925302
GO:1905563	Biological process	Negative regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation	IMP	25466836
GO:2000134	Biological process	Negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	IMP	25466836
GO:2000353	Biological process	Positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	IMP	25466836
GO:2000502	Biological process	Negative regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis	IDA	7545673
GO:0005576	Cellular component	Extracellular region	IDA	20041150
GO:0005615	Cellular component	Extracellular space	IBA	21873635
GO:0004672	Molecular function	Protein kinase activity	TAS	9973507
GO:0005102	Molecular function	Signaling receptor binding	TAS	10542238
GO:0005515	Molecular function	Protein binding	IPI	26095031, 28381538
GO:0008009	Molecular function	Chemokine activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0031727	Molecular function	CCR2 chemokine receptor binding	TAS	18021937
GO:0048020	Molecular function	CCR chemokine receptor binding	IBA	21873635

Protein Information

Protein Name

C-C motif chemokine 2, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, monocyte chemotactic and activating factor, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, monocyte secretory protein JE, small inducible cytokine A2 (monocyte chemotactic protein 1, homologous to mouse Sig-je), small inducible cytokine subfamily A (Cys-Cys), member 2, small-inducible cytokine A2

Function

Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2 (PubMed:9837883, PubMed:10587439, PubMed:10529171). Signals through binding and activation of CCR2 and induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions (PubMed:9837883, PubMed:10587439). Exhibits a chemotactic activity for monocytes and basophils but not neutrophils or eosinophils (PubMed:8627182, PubMed:9792674, PubMed:8195247). May be involved in the recruitment of monocytes into the arterial wall during the disease process of atherosclerosis (PubMed:8107690).

Refseq Proteins

NP_002973.1

UniProt

P13500

PDB

1DOK, 1DOL, 1DOM, 1DON, 1MCA, 1ML0, 2BDN, 2NZ1, 3IFD, 4DN4, 4R8I, 4ZK9

Pfam

Pfam Accession	Pfam ID
PF00048	IL8

Pathways
	KEGG	Reactome
	Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor Chemokine signaling pathway NOD-like receptor signaling pathway IL-17 signaling pathway TNF signaling pathway AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications Yersinia infection Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) Malaria Human cytomegalovirus infection Influenza A Herpes simplex virus 1 infection Rheumatoid arthritis Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis	Chemokine receptors bind chemokines ATF4 activates genes in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress Interleukin-10 signaling Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling

Interactions

STRING	MINT	IntAct
ENSP00000485659		P98088

View interactions

Associated Diseases

Show/Hide all(14 )

Disease group	Disease Name	References
Cardiovascular Diseases
	Arteriosclerosis	11500196, 16934270
	Heart Diseases	21335463
	Atherosclerosis	20720404, 12677255, 12928151
	Myocardial Ischemia	16214533
	Hypertensive disease	27292124, 20667508
Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities
	Status Dysraphicus	16596675
	Hyperoxaluria	16284884
Digestive System Diseases
	Liver Fibrosis	20697377
	Crohn Disease	21829567
	Colitis	21829567
	Hepatitis	20623750
	Enteritis	21829567
	Liver Diseases	17125873, 20623750
	Liver Cirrhosis	20697377
Ear Or Mastoid Diseases
Ear Or Mastoid Diseases	Meniere Disease	28787010
Endocrine System Diseases
	Thyroid Diseases	23397585
	Glomerulosclerosis	16374426
	PCOS	21530057
Immune System Diseases
Immune System Diseases	Autoimmune Hepatitis	21227906
Neoplasms
	Endometrial Cancer	17380299
	Thyroid Cancer	26037280
	Mouth Neoplasms	25199511
	Carotid Atherosclerosis	18022660
	Carcinoma	25199511
	Multiple Myeloma	16918137
Nervous System Diseases
	Cerebral Thrombosis	23043544, 25257527, 12374626
	Status Epilepticus	20034406, 19490431
	Middle Cerebral Artery Syndrome	12374626, 23043544, 25257527
	Cerebral Ischemia	15829914, 17394460
	Cerebral Artery Infarction	23043544, 12374626, 25257527
	Muscular Dystrophy	21641384
	Moyamoya disease	18022660
	Brain Infarction	25257527, 23043544, 12374626
	Compression of spinal cord	15135227
	Carotid Artery Diseases	18022660
	Spina Bifida	16596675
	Petit mal status	20034406, 19490431
Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
	Tumoral calcinosis	21193197, 21335463
	Metabolic Syndrome X	16188961, 18486454
Psychiatric/Brain disorders
	Manic Disorder	24607605
	Bipolar Disorder	15034225, 17928143
	Schizophrenia	18486454
	Mental Depression	15296827
	Obstructive Sleep Apnea	25176209, 30402462, 25411969, 31013606, 26354107, 22761257
Renal Disorder
	Nephritis, Interstitial	10385480
	Diabetic Nephropathy	16374426
	Kidney Failure	19539174, 19420110
	Nephritis	10385480
	Glomerulonephritis	10385480
	Oxalosis	16284884
Reproductive disorders
Reproductive disorders	Preeclampsia	31683992
Respiratory Tract Diseases
	Pulmonary Fibrosis	16324872, 17720292, 26163174
	Silicosis	26163174
	Asthma	19373627
	Pneumonia	21625544
	Pulmonary Tuberculosis	18940815, 16352737
	Respiratory Distress Syndrome	25070658
	Chronic Lung Injury	19762220
	Pleural Diseases	10923243
	Bronchial hyperreactivity	12388339
	Influenza	23326326
Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases	Leishmaniasis	20102417

References

Show/Hide all(6)

PubMed ID	Associated gene/s	Associated condition	Genetic Mutation	Diagnostic Criteria	Association with PCOS	Ethnicity	Conclusion
20869052	C-reactive protein	Vascular damage and cardiovascular disease		Rotterdam criteria	Related		Serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels were positively correlated with serum LH, T, and C-reactive protein levels.
19375763	IL-6,MMP2,sICAM-1,CRP,PAI-1	Chronic low-level inflammation,atherogenesis,hyperandrogenism,hyperglycemia,		Rotterdam criteria	Related		The study concludes that both PCOS and obesity contribute to a proatherogenic state; but in women with PCOS, abdominal adiposity and hyperandrogenism may exacerbate the risk of atherosclerosis.
17565837	Prolactin	Obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance			Related		The serum level of MCP-1 is associated with the LH level in POCS patients.
17068620	Apo A,ApoB, LP(a),PRL,E2				Related		PCOS obese and non-obese patients had higher serum MCP-1 levels than controls.
19170716	MIP-1alpha and MIF				Related		Hirsute patients had significantly increased MCP-1
21530057	Serum CRP	Low-grade chronic inflammation,atherogenesis			Related		Patients with PCOS suffer low-grade chronic inflammation indicated by higher levels of CRP and MCP-1, which could lead to increased risk of atherogenesis.

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