CGA: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Database

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CGA

Gene Information

Gene Ontology (GO)

Protein Information

Associated Diseases

Pathways

References

Gene Information

Gene Symbol

CGA

Aliases

CG-ALPHA, FSHA, GPA1, GPHA1, GPHa, HCG, LHA, TSHA

Entrez Gene ID

1081

Gene Name

Glycoprotein hormones, alpha polypeptide

Chromosomal Location

6q14.3

HGNC ID

HGNC:1885

Summary

The four human glycoprotein hormones chorionic gonadotropin (CG), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) are dimers consisting of alpha and beta subunits that are associated noncovalently. The alpha subunits of these hormones are identical, however, their beta chains are unique and confer biological specificity. The protein encoded by this gene is the alpha subunit and belongs to the glycoprotein hormones alpha chain family. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2011]

e!Ensembl

Gene	ENSG00000135346
Transcript	ENST00000627148, ENST00000369582, ENST00000610310, ENST00000630630, ENST00000625577
Protein	ENSP00000486024, ENSP00000358595, ENSP00000482232, ENSP00000487300, ENSP00000486666

Gene Ontology (GO)

Show/Hide all(16 )

GO ID	Ontology	Function	Evidence	Reference
GO:0006590	Biological process	Thyroid hormone generation	IBA	21873635
GO:0007186	Biological process	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	IDA	24692546
GO:0008284	Biological process	Positive regulation of cell proliferation	NAS	20613903
GO:0010469	Biological process	Regulation of signaling receptor activity	IDA	24692546
GO:0010893	Biological process	Positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process	IBA	21873635
GO:0010893	Biological process	Positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process	IDA	2494176
GO:0030335	Biological process	Positive regulation of cell migration	NAS	20613903
GO:0045944	Biological process	Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	NAS	20613903
GO:0005615	Cellular component	Extracellular space	IBA	21873635
GO:0005615	Cellular component	Extracellular space	IDA	2494176, 24692546
GO:0016914	Cellular component	Follicle-stimulating hormone complex	IBA	21873635
GO:0016914	Cellular component	Follicle-stimulating hormone complex	IDA	2494176, 24692546
GO:0005179	Molecular function	Hormone activity	IMP	11207219
GO:0005515	Molecular function	Protein binding	IPI	11222739, 15662415, 22802634
GO:0016913	Molecular function	Follicle-stimulating hormone activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0016913	Molecular function	Follicle-stimulating hormone activity	IDA	2494176, 24692546

Protein Information

Protein Name

Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain, FSH-alpha, LSH-alpha, TSH-alpha, anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones common subunit alpha, choriogonadotropin alpha chain, chorionic gonadotrophin subunit alpha, chorionic gonadotropin, alpha polypeptide, follicle-stimulating hormone alpha chain, follicle-stimulating hormone alpha subunit, follitropin alpha chain, luteinizing hormone alpha chain, lutropin alpha chain, thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha chain, thyrotropin alpha chain

Function

Shared alpha chain of the active heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones thyrotropin/thyroid stimulating hormone/TSH, lutropin/luteinizing hormone/LH, follitropin/follicle stimulating hormone/FSH and choriogonadotropin/CG. These hormones bind specific receptors on target cells that in turn activate downstream signaling pathways.

UniProt

P01215

PDB

1HCN, 1HRP, 1QFW, 1XUL, 1FL7, 1XWD, 4AY9, 4MQW, 1DZ7, 1E9J, 1HD4

Pfam

Pfam Accession	Pfam ID
PF00236	Hormone_6

Pathways
	KEGG	Reactome
	cAMP signaling pathway Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction GnRH signaling pathway Ovarian steroidogenesis Prolactin signaling pathway Thyroid hormone synthesis Regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes Autoimmune thyroid disease	Androgen biosynthesis Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis Glycoprotein hormones Thyroxine biosynthesis Hormone ligand-binding receptors G alpha (s) signalling events TFAP2 (AP-2) family regulates transcription of growth factors and their receptors ADORA2B mediated anti-inflammatory cytokines production Reactions specific to the complex N-glycan synthesis pathway

Interactions

STRING	MINT	IntAct
ENSP00000377668		P51687

View interactions

Associated Diseases

Show/Hide all(5 )

Disease group	Disease Name	References
Ear Or Mastoid Diseases
Ear Or Mastoid Diseases	Meniere Disease	28787010
Endocrine System Diseases
	Adrenal Gland Diseases	20146381
	Ovarian Diseases	20146381
	PCOS	21270326
Neoplasms
Neoplasms	Thyroid Cancer	10566621
Nervous System Diseases
	Hemiplegia	10566621
	Monoplegia	10566621
Reproductive disorders
	Uterine Diseases	20146381
	Oligospermia	16483355
	Endometrial Diseases	20146381

References

Show/Hide all(6)

PubMed ID	Associated gene/s	Associated condition	Genetic Mutation	Diagnostic Criteria	Association with PCOS	Ethnicity	Conclusion
19240152	FSH			NIH criteria	Related	After phenotyping a cohort of 60 women, steroid and inhibin-B responses to gonadotropins were evaluated in representative typical (n = 7) and atypical (n = 5) PCOS and healthy controls (n = 8)	Typical PCOS is characterized by intrinsic ovarian hypersensitivity to hCG to which excessive paracrine FSH signaling via inhibin-B may contribute.
23685425	GnRH				Related	103 subjects undergoing COH protocols (n=66), divided on the basis of the pair's fertility disorder causes (female FD, n=29; male FD, n=37), and age matched healthy women (n=37)	The GnRH antagonist/hCG protocol promotes CD3+/CD8+ and KIR2DL4+ NK cell levels, more abundant in subjects with lower implantation rates, and thus decreases the embryotransfer success in otherwise fertile women
22621829				Rotterdam criteria	Related	82 patients with PCOS underwent IVM cycles	While a significant improvement in the nuclear maturation rate of immature oocytes was observed in hCG-primed IVM cycles withPCOS patients, the use of hCG prior to oocyte retrieval did not improve the subsequent embryo developmental competence. The high rate of pregnancy loss in IVM cycles should receive more attention
20504873					Related		The data from the meta-analyses suggests that the effect on clinical outcome of gonadotrophin priming of IVM still needs to be studied. In order to improve the IVM programs, it is essential to define not only the clinical aspects but also the laboratory and embryological aspects
21270326				PCOS subjects exhibited clinical and/or biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism and were either oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic.	Related	Women with PCOS (age, 18-37 yr; n = 10) and normal ovulatory controls (age, 18-37 yr; n = 11) were recruited	In PCOS women, maximal A and T responses to hCG relative to those of 17-OHP are consistent with ovarian androgen overproduction via the delta-5 pathway.
17445806					Related	80 PCOS patients.	A decrease in the dose of hCG used to trigger final oocyte maturation does not appear to affect adversely the probability of pregnancy in PCOS patients treated by IVF using GnRH antagonists and recombinant FSH, and further testing in future larger-scale trials is recommended

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