HMGB2: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Database

Gene Information

Gene Symbol

HMGB2

Aliases

HMG2

Entrez Gene ID

3148

Gene Name

High mobility group box 2

Chromosomal Location

4q34.1

HGNC ID

HGNC:5000

Summary

This gene encodes a member of the non-histone chromosomal high mobility group protein family. The proteins of this family are chromatin-associated and ubiquitously distributed in the nucleus of higher eukaryotic cells. In vitro studies have demonstrated that this protein is able to efficiently bend DNA and form DNA circles. These studies suggest a role in facilitating cooperative interactions between cis-acting proteins by promoting DNA flexibility. This protein was also reported to be involved in the final ligation step in DNA end-joining processes of DNA double-strand breaks repair and V(D)J recombination. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

e!Ensembl

Gene	ENSG00000164104
Transcript	ENST00000296503, ENST00000438704, ENST00000446922, ENST00000506267
Protein	ENSP00000296503, ENSP00000404912, ENSP00000393448, ENSP00000423001

Gene Ontology (GO)

Show/Hide all(40 )

GO ID	Ontology	Function	Evidence	Reference
GO:0001938	Biological process	Positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IDA	19811285
GO:0006310	Biological process	DNA recombination	IBA	21873635
GO:0006325	Biological process	Chromatin organization	NAS	11909973
GO:0006334	Biological process	Nucleosome assembly	NAS	11909973
GO:0006338	Biological process	Chromatin remodeling	IBA	21873635
GO:0006357	Biological process	Regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA	21873635
GO:0006357	Biological process	Regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA	7797075
GO:0032075	Biological process	Positive regulation of nuclease activity	IDA	978439
GO:0043388	Biological process	Positive regulation of DNA binding	IDA	19965638
GO:0045089	Biological process	Positive regulation of innate immune response	IBA	21873635
GO:0045648	Biological process	Positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation	IMP	19965638
GO:0045654	Biological process	Positive regulation of megakaryocyte differentiation	IMP	19965638
GO:0045892	Biological process	Negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	IDA	9636147
GO:0045893	Biological process	Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	IDA	19965638
GO:0045944	Biological process	Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA	21873635
GO:0045944	Biological process	Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA	19223331, 19965638
GO:0050829	Biological process	Defense response to Gram-negative bacterium	IDA	23877675
GO:0050830	Biological process	Defense response to Gram-positive bacterium	IDA	23877675
GO:0060326	Biological process	Cell chemotaxis	IDA	19811285
GO:0071222	Biological process	Cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	IEP	19811285
GO:0000790	Cellular component	Nuclear chromatin	IBA	21873635
GO:0000793	Cellular component	Condensed chromosome	IDA	12925773
GO:0005615	Cellular component	Extracellular space	IDA	19811285
GO:0005623	Cellular component	Cell	IDA	15496585
GO:0005634	Cellular component	Nucleus	IDA	8339930, 11909973
GO:0005737	Cellular component	Cytoplasm	IBA	21873635
GO:0005737	Cellular component	Cytoplasm	IDA	11909973
GO:0032991	Cellular component	Protein-containing complex	IDA	11909973
GO:0048471	Cellular component	Perinuclear region of cytoplasm	IDA	9010268, 11909973
GO:0003677	Molecular function	DNA binding	IMP	11909973
GO:0003684	Molecular function	Damaged DNA binding	IDA	8226934
GO:0003713	Molecular function	Transcription coactivator activity	IDA	19223331
GO:0003723	Molecular function	RNA binding	HDA	22658674, 22681889
GO:0005515	Molecular function	Protein binding	IPI	9636147, 11909973, 25416956
GO:0008134	Molecular function	Transcription factor binding	IBA	21873635
GO:0008301	Molecular function	DNA binding, bending	IBA	21873635
GO:0008301	Molecular function	DNA binding, bending	IDA	8339930, 11909973
GO:0042056	Molecular function	Chemoattractant activity	IDA	19811285
GO:0044212	Molecular function	Transcription regulatory region DNA binding	IDA	19965638
GO:0050786	Molecular function	RAGE receptor binding	IGI	19811285

Protein Information

Protein Name

High mobility group protein B2, HMG-2, high mobility group protein 2, high-mobility group (nonhistone chromosomal) protein 2

Function

Multifunctional protein with various roles in different cellular compartments. May act in a redox sensitive manner. In the nucleus is an abundant chromatin-associated non-histone protein involved in transcription, chromatin remodeling and V(D)J recombination and probably other processes. Binds DNA with a preference to non-canonical DNA structures such as single-stranded DNA. Can bent DNA and enhance DNA flexibility by looping thus providing a mechanism to promote activities on various gene promoters by enhancing transcription factor binding and/or bringing distant regulatory sequences into close proximity (PubMed:7797075, PubMed:11909973, PubMed:19522541, PubMed:18413230, PubMed:19965638, PubMed:20123072). Involved in V(D)J recombination by acting as a cofactor of the RAG complex: acts by stimulating cleavage and RAG protein binding at the 23 bp spacer of conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) (By similarity). Proposed to be involved in the innate immune response to nucleic acids by acting as a promiscuous immunogenic DNA/RNA sensor which cooperates with subsequent discriminative sensing by specific pattern recognition receptors (By similarity). In the extracellular compartment acts as a chemokine. Promotes proliferation and migration of endothelial cells implicating AGER/RAGE (PubMed:19811285). Has antimicrobial activity in gastrointestinal epithelial tissues (PubMed:23877675). Involved in inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus coupled with proinflammatory activity (By similarity). Involved in modulation of neurogenesis probably by regulation of neural stem proliferation (By similarity). Involved in articular cartilage surface maintenance implicating LEF1 and the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway (By similarity).

UniProt

P26583

Pfam

Pfam Accession	Pfam ID
PF00505	HMG_box
PF09011	HMG_box_2

HMGB2

PDGFRA, HSD17B4 and HMGB2 are potential therapeutic targets in polycystic ovarian syndrome and breast cancer.