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Gene Symbol |
PTGS2 |
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Aliases |
COX-2, COX2, GRIPGHS, PGG/HS, PGHS-2, PHS-2, hCox-2 |
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Entrez Gene ID |
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Gene Name |
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 |
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Chromosomal Location |
1q31.1 |
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HGNC ID |
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Summary |
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), also known as cyclooxygenase, is the key enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis, and acts both as a dioxygenase and as a peroxidase. There are two isozymes of PTGS: a constitutive PTGS1 and an inducible PTGS2, which differ in their regulation of expression and tissue distribution. This gene encodes the inducible isozyme. It is regulated by specific stimulatory events, suggesting that it is responsible for the prostanoid biosynthesis involved in inflammation and mitogenesis. [provided by RefSeq, Feb 2009]
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RefSeq DNA |
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RefSeq mRNA |
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e!Ensembl
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| Protein Information |
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Protein Name |
Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2, PGH synthase 2, PHS II, cyclooxygenase 2, cyclooxygenase 2b, prostaglandin H2 synthase 2, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) |
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Function |
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Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis (PubMed:26859324, PubMed:27226593). Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and brain, and in pathological conditions, such as in cancer. PTGS2 is responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Up-regulation of PTGS2 is also associated with increased cell adhesion, phenotypic changes, resistance to apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. In cancer cells, PTGS2 is a key step in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays important roles in modulating motility, proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. During neuroinflammation, plays a role in neuronal secretion of specialized preresolving mediators (SPMs), especially 15-R-lipoxin A4, that regulates phagocytic microglia (By similarity). |
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UniProt |
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PDB |
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Interactions |
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| STRING |
MINT |
IntAct |
| ENSP00000218388 |
P01033 |
P01033 |
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View interactions
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Associated Diseases
| Disease group | Disease Name | References |
| Cardiovascular Diseases |
| Heart Failure |
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| Aortic Aneurysm |
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| Cardiomyopathy |
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| Chylopericardium |
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| Arteriosclerosis |
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| Hypertensive disease |
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| Atherosclerosis |
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| Myocardial Diseases |
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| Hyperemia |
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| Pericardial effusion |
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| Myocardial Failure |
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| Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| Atonic seizures |
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| Asphyxia Neonatorum |
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| Digestive System Diseases |
| Gastroesophageal reflux disease |
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| Duodenal Ulcer |
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| Oral submucosal fibrosis |
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| Gastric ulcer |
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| Colitis |
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| Pancreatitis |
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| Intestinal Polyposis |
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| Liver Diseases |
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| Disease of mouth |
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| Inflammatory Bowel Diseases |
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| Hepatitis |
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| Ear Or Mastoid Diseases |
| Meniere Disease |
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| Endocrine System Diseases |
| Diabetes Mellitus |
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| Precocious Puberty |
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| PCOS |
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| Eye Diseases |
| Glaucoma |
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| Immune System Diseases |
| Lupus Erythematosus |
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| Ophthalmopathy |
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| Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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| Libman-Sacks Disease |
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| Thyroid associated opthalmopathies |
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| Neoplasms |
| Breast Cancer |
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| Bone Neoplasms |
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| Colorectal Cancer |
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| Prostate cancer |
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| Adenocarcinoma |
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| Carcinoma |
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| Stomach Cancer |
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| Thyroid Cancer |
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| Glioma |
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| Barrett Esophagus |
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| Papilloma |
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| Pancreatic Neoplasm |
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| Bladder Cancer |
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| Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma |
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| Mouth Neoplasms |
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| Skin Cancer |
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| Liver Cancer |
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| Colonic Neoplasms |
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| Intestinal Polyposis |
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| Esophagus Neoplasm |
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| Leiomyosarcoma |
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| Adrenal Cancer |
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| Renal Cancer |
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| Intraepithelial Neoplasia |
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| Gastric Cancer |
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| Oral Leukoplakia |
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| Barrett Epithelium |
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| Cholangiocarcinoma |
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| Lymphoma |
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| Cribriform Carcinoma |
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| Leukemia |
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| Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma |
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| Head Neoplasms |
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| Anaplastic Carcinoma |
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| Vulvar Cancer |
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| Nervous System Diseases |
| Lateral Sclerosis |
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| Seizures |
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| Status Epilepticus |
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| Stroke |
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| Cerebral Ischemia |
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| Jacksonian Seizure |
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| Petit mal status |
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| Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| Hyperglycemia |
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| Obesity |
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| Psychiatric/Brain disorders |
| Mental Depression |
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| Schizophrenia |
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| Melancholia |
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| Mood Disorders |
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| Cognition Disorders |
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| Autistic Disorder |
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| Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
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| Renal Disorder |
| Hydronephrosis |
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| Bladder Neck Obstruction |
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| Kidney Failure |
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| Reproductive disorders |
| Endometriosis |
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| Endometrioma |
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| Preeclampsia |
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| Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| Asthma |
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| Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases |
| Dermatitis |
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References |
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| Boots Christina E, Jungheim Emily S |
| Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.| Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri. |
| Semin Reprod Med. 2015 Jul;33(4):270-5. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1554928. Epub 2015 |
Abstract
Inflammation is a biologic process that mediates tissue effects including vasodilation, hyperemia, edema, collagenolysis, and cell proliferation through complex immunologic pathways. In regard to the ovary, inflammation has key physiologic roles in ovarian folliculogenesis and ovulation. On the other hand, inflammatory processes are subject to underlying pathology and, if pushed, proinflammatory conditions may have a negative impact on ovarian follicular dynamics. Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) serve as examples of conditions associated with chronic endogenous production of low-grade proinflammatory cytokines. Both conditions negatively impact ovarian folliculogenesis and ovulation. The pages that follow summarize the role of inflammation in normal ovarian follicular dynamics and evidence for its role in mediating the negative effects of obesity and PCOS on ovarian follicular dynamics. The review concludes with a summary supporting a role for lifestyle factors that favorably impact inflammatory process involved in obesity and PCOS to improve ovarian function. |
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| © 2019, Biomedical Informatics Centre, NIRRH |
National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Jehangir Merwanji Street, Parel, Mumbai-400 012
Tel: 91-22-24192104, Fax No: 91-22-24139412
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