TNF: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Database

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TNF

Gene Information

Gene Ontology (GO)

Protein Information

Associated Diseases

Pathways

References

Gene Information

Gene Symbol

TNF

Aliases

DIF, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F

Entrez Gene ID

7124

Gene Name

Tumor necrosis factor

Chromosomal Location

6p21.33

HGNC ID

HGNC:11892

Summary

This gene encodes a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophages. It can bind to, and thus functions through its receptors TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. This cytokine is involved in the regulation of a wide spectrum of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of this cytokine. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]

RefSeq DNA

NG_007462.1

RefSeq mRNA

NM_000594.4

e!Ensembl

Gene	ENSG00000232810, ENSG00000228321, ENSG00000223952, ENSG00000204490, ENSG00000206439, ENSG00000230108, ENSG00000228978, ENSG00000228849
Transcript	ENST00000449264, ENST00000412275, ENST00000448781, ENST00000376122, ENST00000383496, ENST00000443707, ENST00000445232, ENST00000420425
Protein	ENSP00000398698, ENSP00000392858, ENSP00000389490, ENSP00000365290, ENSP00000372988, ENSP00000389492, ENSP00000389265, ENSP00000410668

Gene Ontology (GO)

Show/Hide all(127 )

GO ID	Ontology	Function	Evidence	Reference
GO:0000122	Biological process	Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA	1618860, 15345745
GO:0000165	Biological process	MAPK cascade	IMP	21147091
GO:0000185	Biological process	Activation of MAPKKK activity	IDA	15310755
GO:0000187	Biological process	Activation of MAPK activity	IDA	10748004
GO:0001774	Biological process	Microglial cell activation	NAS	26753638
GO:0001819	Biological process	Positive regulation of cytokine production	IDA	17922812
GO:0001934	Biological process	Positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	IDA	10748004, 16723520, 17389591
GO:0002439	Biological process	Chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	IMP	14512626
GO:0002740	Biological process	Negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response	IDA	10443688
GO:0006919	Biological process	Activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	IDA	16723520
GO:0006954	Biological process	Inflammatory response	IDA	10748004, 21147091, 22267480
GO:0008625	Biological process	Extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors	IBA	21873635
GO:0008625	Biological process	Extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors	IDA	10521396, 18202225, 18676776
GO:0008625	Biological process	Extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors	NAS	21319131
GO:0009615	Biological process	Response to virus	IDA	10490959
GO:0009651	Biological process	Response to salt stress	TAS	18355445
GO:0010628	Biological process	Positive regulation of gene expression	IDA	11085990, 21559518, 22267480, 23817958, 24998411, 26371161
GO:0010628	Biological process	Positive regulation of gene expression	IGI	24299952
GO:0010628	Biological process	Positive regulation of gene expression	IMP	16203728, 23892569
GO:0010629	Biological process	Negative regulation of gene expression	IDA	15345745, 22267480, 26371161
GO:0010629	Biological process	Negative regulation of gene expression	IGI	24299952
GO:0010888	Biological process	Negative regulation of lipid storage	NAS	16464856
GO:0030730	Biological process	Sequestering of triglyceride	IDA	19032770
GO:0030866	Biological process	Cortical actin cytoskeleton organization	IDA	25816133
GO:0031334	Biological process	Positive regulation of protein complex assembly	IDA	12813029
GO:0031663	Biological process	Lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	IDA	21147091
GO:0032715	Biological process	Negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	IDA	10443688
GO:0032722	Biological process	Positive regulation of chemokine production	IDA	10490959
GO:0032755	Biological process	Positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	IDA	24299952
GO:0032757	Biological process	Positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	IMP	24790089
GO:0032800	Biological process	Receptor biosynthetic process	IDA	10443688
GO:0033138	Biological process	Positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	IDA	17389591, 18440775
GO:0033209	Biological process	Tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	IBA	21873635
GO:0033209	Biological process	Tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway	IMP	10748004
GO:0034116	Biological process	Positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	IDA	10604883, 20551324
GO:0035509	Biological process	Negative regulation of myosin-light-chain-phosphatase activity	IDA	25816133
GO:0043065	Biological process	Positive regulation of apoptotic process	IDA	16723520, 17389591, 22173242
GO:0043065	Biological process	Positive regulation of apoptotic process	IMP	9343261
GO:0043068	Biological process	Positive regulation of programmed cell death	IDA	16611992
GO:0043122	Biological process	Regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling	IDA	10748004
GO:0043123	Biological process	Positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling	IBA	21873635
GO:0043123	Biological process	Positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling	IDA	15310755, 17922812
GO:0043123	Biological process	Positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling	TAS	29702085
GO:0043242	Biological process	Negative regulation of protein complex disassembly	IDA	17389591
GO:0043243	Biological process	Positive regulation of protein complex disassembly	IDA	12813029, 17389591
GO:0043280	Biological process	Positive regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	IDA	11577081
GO:0043406	Biological process	Positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	IDA	12813029, 17389591, 18440775
GO:0043491	Biological process	Protein kinase B signaling	IMP	21147091
GO:0043507	Biological process	Positive regulation of JUN kinase activity	IDA	17389591
GO:0045071	Biological process	Negative regulation of viral genome replication	IDA	10490959
GO:0045080	Biological process	Positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process	IDA	10490959
GO:0045416	Biological process	Positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process	IDA	20551324
GO:0045429	Biological process	Positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	IDA	8383325
GO:0045599	Biological process	Negative regulation of fat cell differentiation	NAS	16464856
GO:0045672	Biological process	Positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation	IDA	17888176
GO:0045732	Biological process	Positive regulation of protein catabolic process	IDA	18632959
GO:0045785	Biological process	Positive regulation of cell adhesion	IMP	23892569
GO:0045860	Biological process	Positive regulation of protein kinase activity	IDA	11821416
GO:0045892	Biological process	Negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	IDA	16895791, 17350185
GO:0045893	Biological process	Positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	IDA	10748004, 14512626, 17350185
GO:0045944	Biological process	Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IBA	21873635
GO:0045944	Biological process	Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA	15345745, 20551324
GO:0045944	Biological process	Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IGI	16803872
GO:0048143	Biological process	Astrocyte activation	NAS	26753638
GO:0048566	Biological process	Embryonic digestive tract development	IEP	20875417
GO:0048661	Biological process	Positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	IDA	16518841
GO:0050715	Biological process	Positive regulation of cytokine secretion	IDA	10443688
GO:0050729	Biological process	Positive regulation of inflammatory response	TAS	24966471
GO:0050766	Biological process	Positive regulation of phagocytosis	IMP	18201371
GO:0050768	Biological process	Negative regulation of neurogenesis	TAS	20018408
GO:0050796	Biological process	Regulation of insulin secretion	IDA	8383325
GO:0050890	Biological process	Cognition	TAS	22277195
GO:0050901	Biological process	Leukocyte tethering or rolling	IDA	10820279
GO:0050995	Biological process	Negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	IDA	19032770
GO:0051000	Biological process	Positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity	IC	29702085
GO:0051044	Biological process	Positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	IDA	18373975
GO:0051091	Biological process	Positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	IDA	10748004
GO:0051092	Biological process	Positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0051092	Biological process	Positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IDA	10383454, 11374864, 11821416, 15790681, 16280327, 16611992, 20551324, 25193116
GO:0051092	Biological process	Positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	IMP	24790089
GO:0051222	Biological process	Positive regulation of protein transport	IDA	15310755
GO:0051384	Biological process	Response to glucocorticoid	IDA	10443688
GO:0051966	Biological process	Regulation of synaptic transmission, glutamatergic	TAS	22277195
GO:0060252	Biological process	Positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	IDA	2104886
GO:0060252	Biological process	Positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	IGI	1752215
GO:0060557	Biological process	Positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process	IDA	1690216
GO:0060559	Biological process	Positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	IDA	1690216
GO:0061048	Biological process	Negative regulation of branching involved in lung morphogenesis	IDA	17350185
GO:0070374	Biological process	Positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	NAS	18606301
GO:0070886	Biological process	Positive regulation of calcineurin-NFAT signaling cascade	IDA	16803872
GO:0071316	Biological process	Cellular response to nicotine	IDA	18676776
GO:0071407	Biological process	Cellular response to organic cyclic compound	IDA	21147091
GO:0071677	Biological process	Positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration	NAS	21319131
GO:0071803	Biological process	Positive regulation of podosome assembly	IDA	15220135
GO:0072659	Biological process	Protein localization to plasma membrane	IDA	25816133
GO:0097191	Biological process	Extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	IDA	11577081, 16611992
GO:0097527	Biological process	Necroptotic signaling pathway	IDA	11101870, 22265413, 22265414, 22817896
GO:0150078	Biological process	Positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response	TAS	22277195, 26753638
GO:1901224	Biological process	Positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling	IDA	17922812, 20041225
GO:1901671	Biological process	Positive regulation of superoxide dismutase activity	IDA	22836756
GO:1903140	Biological process	Regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier	IDA	25816133
GO:1903347	Biological process	Negative regulation of bicellular tight junction assembly	IDA	25816133
GO:1903978	Biological process	Regulation of microglial cell activation	TAS	22277195
GO:1904996	Biological process	Positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	IDA	26371161
GO:1904999	Biological process	Positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to arterial endothelial cell	IDA	22267480
GO:2000010	Biological process	Positive regulation of protein localization to cell surface	IDA	19366699
GO:2000334	Biological process	Positive regulation of blood microparticle formation	IDA	24998411
GO:2000343	Biological process	Positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production	IDA	20551324
GO:2000351	Biological process	Regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process	IMP	10843670
GO:2000778	Biological process	Positive regulation of interleukin-6 secretion	TAS	29702085
GO:2001240	Biological process	Negative regulation of extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand	IDA	10666185, 10748004
GO:0005615	Cellular component	Extracellular space	IBA	21873635
GO:0005615	Cellular component	Extracellular space	IDA	3932069, 10443688, 12594207, 18355445, 21323571
GO:0005887	Cellular component	Integral component of plasma membrane	IDA	18355445
GO:0009986	Cellular component	Cell surface	IBA	21873635
GO:0009986	Cellular component	Cell surface	IDA	18355445
GO:0045121	Cellular component	Membrane raft	IDA	17010968
GO:0002020	Molecular function	Protease binding	IPI	12777399
GO:0005125	Molecular function	Cytokine activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0005125	Molecular function	Cytokine activity	IDA	10748004
GO:0005164	Molecular function	Tumor necrosis factor receptor binding	IBA	21873635
GO:0005164	Molecular function	Tumor necrosis factor receptor binding	IDA	14512626
GO:0005164	Molecular function	Tumor necrosis factor receptor binding	IPI	9435233
GO:0005515	Molecular function	Protein binding	IPI	2848815, 11878931, 12887920, 14743216, 17681535, 19838188, 20080539, 20103630, 21784977, 22028622, 23032186, 23104095, 23955153, 24070898, 25241761, 25911380, 26649818, 30561431
GO:0042802	Molecular function	Identical protein binding	IDA	14512626
GO:0042802	Molecular function	Identical protein binding	IPI	2922050, 19838188, 23815148
GO:0044212	Molecular function	Transcription regulatory region DNA binding	IDA	17350185

Protein Information

Protein Name

Tumor necrosis factor, APC1 protein, TNF, macrophage-derived, TNF, monocyte-derived, TNF-a, cachectin, tumor necrosis factor ligand 1F, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha

Function

Refseq Proteins

NP_000585.2

UniProt

P01375

PDB

4Y6O, 3L9J, 1A8M, 1TNF, 2AZ5, 2E7A, 2TUN, 2ZJC, 2ZPX, 3ALQ, 3IT8, 3WD5, 4G3Y, 4TSV, 4TWT, 5M2I, 5M2J, 5M2M, 5MU8, 5TSW, 5UUI, 5WUX, 5YOY

Pfam

Pfam Accession	Pfam ID
PF00229	TNF

Pathways
	KEGG	Reactome
	Antifolate resistance MAPK signaling pathway Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor NF-kappa B signaling pathway Sphingolipid signaling pathway mTOR signaling pathway Apoptosis Necroptosis TGF-beta signaling pathway Osteoclast differentiation Antigen processing and presentation Toll-like receptor signaling pathway NOD-like receptor signaling pathway RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway Hematopoietic cell lineage Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity IL-17 signaling pathway T cell receptor signaling pathway Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway TNF signaling pathway Adipocytokine signaling pathway Type II diabetes mellitus Insulin resistance Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications Type I diabetes mellitus Alzheimer disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Pertussis Legionellosis Yersinia infection Leishmaniasis Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) African trypanosomiasis Malaria Toxoplasmosis Amoebiasis Tuberculosis Hepatitis C Hepatitis B Human cytomegalovirus infection Influenza A Human papillomavirus infection Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection Herpes simplex virus 1 infection Epstein-Barr virus infection Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection Proteoglycans in cancer Asthma Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Systemic lupus erythematosus Rheumatoid arthritis Allograft rejection Graft-versus-host disease Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis	TNFR1-induced proapoptotic signaling Regulation of TNFR1 signaling TNFR1-induced NFkappaB signaling pathway TNFR1-mediated ceramide production TNFR2 non-canonical NF-kB pathway Interleukin-10 signaling Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling TNF signaling

Interactions

STRING	MINT	IntAct
ENSP00000325120	P06401	P06401

View interactions

Associated Diseases

Show/Hide all(16 )

Disease group	Disease Name	References
Blood Disorders
	Fanconi Anemia	22628295
	Anemia	16566752, 10870480
Cardiovascular Diseases
	Acute Coronary Syndrome	20981132
	Heart Failure	18034274, 15135663, 15231041, 17337591
	Myocardial Infarction	16310260, 15883752
	Myocardial Failure	18034274, 15135663, 15231041, 17337591
	Hypertensive disease	18605955, 27659729, 27292124
	Carditis	25396421, 18627770
	Cardiac Arrest	9806674
	Diabetic Cardiomyopathies	17909696
	Myocardial Diseases	10716473
	Myocarditis	25396421, 18627770
	Myocardial Stunning	11927517
	Myocardial Ischemia	16214533, 16775501
	Cardiomyopathy	10716473
	Vascular Diseases	14965870
	Coronary Restenosis	16319143
	Angina pectoris	20981132
	Atherosclerosis	20720404
	Hibernating Myocardium	11927517
Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities
	Sickle Cell Anemia	14965870
	Wilson Disease	25002079
Digestive System Diseases
	Fatty Liver	23348005
	Liver Diseases	17709330, 20623750, 21984482, 9696492, 19638433, 7532385, 15946935
	Colitis	20452301, 22119283, 19617644, 24548422, 23810507, 10700533, 21829567
	Hepatitis, Alcoholic	12586603
	Crohn Disease	21829567, 10700533
	Cholestasis	20626112, 28789951, 23627780
	Oral submucosal fibrosis	16311067
	Inflammatory Bowel Diseases	27793764, 15086448
	Hepatitis	21984482, 19638433, 17709330, 9696492, 20623750, 7532385
	Liver Cirrhosis	23274713
	Liver Failure	19505222
	Gastric ulcer	15138204
	Enteritis	10700533, 21829567
Endocrine System Diseases
	Diabetes Mellitus	24513509, 23640034
	Ketosis-prone diabetes	23640034
	Brittle diabetes	23640034
	PCOS	30134857, 29127547, 29859385, 30033891, 22944040
Eye Diseases
Eye Diseases	Retinal Diseases	19324842
Immune System Diseases
	Rheumatoid Arthritis	22450443, 2001072, 12566094, 8391952, 17804836
	HIV Wasting Syndrome	7979221
	Urticaria	19250144, 12121561, 20485159
	AIDS	19115949
	Autoimmune Diabetes	23640034
	Graves Disease	21900946
	Dermatitis	15849067
Musculoskeletal Diseases
	Polymyositis	7979221
	Arthritis	19203382
	Osteoporosis	9032749
	Arthritis, Psoriatic	12746914, 19732956
Neoplasms
	Breast Cancer	17516992, 16298037, 19446661
	Carcinoma	19028472, 1733439, 3361654
	Colonic Neoplasms	19028472, 12842827
	Sarcoma	9794839, 15675481, 17203757, 16767912
	Stomach Cancer	1733439, 15201584
	Adenocarcinoma	1733439, 19028472
	Gastric Cancer	15201584, 1733439
	Lung Cancer	14587096, 22369883
	Soft Tissue Neoplasms	17203757, 16767912
	Pancreatic Neoplasm	16211219
	Glioma	22199285
	Colorectal Cancer	23431386
	Bladder Cancer	1674182
	Thyroid Cancer	26037280
	Liver Cancer	24183702, 27022031
	Fibromatosis	19944662
	Cribriform Carcinoma	1733439, 19028472
Nervous System Diseases
	Compression of spinal cord	15135227
	Lateral Sclerosis	11796754
	Status Epilepticus	18455351
	Stroke	10950380
	Myopathy	7979221
	Arsenic Encephalopathy	16835338
	Neuralgia	20846523
	Cerebral Edema	21276434
	Trigeminal neuralgia	27093858
	Parkinson Disease	21318773
	Cerebral Ischemia	15756928
	Luft Disease	7979221
	Petit mal status	18455351
Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
	Obesity	20141834, 11328671, 9502777
	Hypoglycemia	8774068
	Milk-Alkali Syndrome	10638776
	Hyperhomocysteinemia	12615666
	Liver Failure	16338762, 9696492
	Hepatic Encephalopathy	16338762, 9696492
	Hemochromatosis	16793930
	Hypercalcemia	10638776
	Gluocose Intolerance	19118408, 19401444
Psychiatric/Brain disorders
	Mental Depression	22580182, 25315113, 25151093, 25903726, 24094876, 24620999, 22683211, 23608119, 20351714, 22683764, 23064081
	Bipolar Disorder	25172408, 18515978, 23064081, 17239488, 25855618
	Schizophrenia	16478754
	Senile Dementia	17192785
	Anxiety Disorders	20194079
	Mood Disorders	11324946, 23064081, 18832862, 19175760
	Alzheimer Disease	17192785
	Obstructive Sleep Apnea	26125882, 25411969, 29871194, 26201496, 26284518, 25222485, 31013606, 25192323, 25944984, 20846669, 19218687, 17129465, 23692992, 16246965, 24755071, 18448490
Renal Disorder
	Kidney Insufficiency	18460982, 16595132, 20623750
	Glomerulonephritis	9403216, 10910440
	Nephritis	9403216, 10910440
	Kidney Failure	19539174, 16595132, 18460982, 20623750
	Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome	15384034
Reproductive disorders
	Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular	10716473
	Preeclampsia	31154903, 28947613, 28115513, 31010153, 25667213, 29938347, 26053021, 23790133, 22182686, 22440523, 30007972
Respiratory Tract Diseases
	Asthma	14681301, 17450233, 16456144, 20049212, 12356572, 25721048
	Emphysema	25106431
	Pleural effusion	2518282
	Pneumonia	21625544, 28917655
	Pleuritis	11181422
	Pulmonary Fibrosis	26368622, 25216247, 16324872, 11394717, 17266442, 20486865
	Airway Obstruction	15337792
	Beryllium Disease	8428540, 15127972, 16980557, 12449171
	Pulmonary Emphysema	25106431
	Pulmonary asbestosis	20486865
	Bronchiectasis	17931847
	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease	15337792
	Pulmonary Edema	21188088
	Chronic Lung Injury	26243812, 2518282
	Anthracosis	20005085
Skin and Connective Tissue Diseases
	Leishmaniasis	20102417, 16540374
	Dermatomyositis	19035492
	Scleroderma	9843018
	Morphea	9843018
	Psoriasis	7744320, 16844318
	Pustulosis	7744320, 16844318
	Dermatitis	16835338

References

Show/Hide all(16)

PubMed ID	Associated gene/s	Associated condition	Genetic Mutation	Diagnostic Criteria	Association with PCOS	Ethnicity	Conclusion
22944040	Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), apelin	Cardiovascular disease (CVD), including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension,hyperandrogenism and dyslipidemia			Related		ADMA and TNF were positively correlated with total testosterone and free androgen index, whereas apelin was negatively correlated with these parameters. These findings may indicate that non-obese women with PCOS are at an increased risk for CVD, which is further aggravated by hyperandrogenism.
23118428		Adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) infiltration		NIH criteria	Related		Women with PCOS had an increase in CD11c expression, CLS density, 5 expression, borderline increase in TNF expression , and a decrease in adiponectin expression in gluteal adipose tissue.
21970639			-1031(T/C) polymorphism of TNF-alpha	Rotterdam criteria	Related	Korean population-217 PCOS patients and 144 controls	The study concludes that the -1031(T/C) polymorphism of TNF-alpha gene is associated with PCOS in a Korean population.
21908093	IL-6				Related		Patients with PCOS showed significantly higher serum CRP, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophilic granulocytes, as well as higher triglycerides (TG), TNF and IL-6
20089616	IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1	Low-grade chronic inflammation		NIH criteria	Related		The net change in adiponectin secretion in response to IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and TNF-alpha differed between PCOS (decreasing) and control (increasing) adipocytes, although the difference reached significance only for TNF-alpha
17345847	IL-6	Obesity			Related		Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 participate in the pathogenesis of PCO syndrome through very complex mechanisms, but further study are necessary to explain them more precisely.
16759463	Serum adiponectin	Insulin resistance			Related		TNF-alpha levels in PCOS group was higher than controls
16522732		Insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism	(TNF)-alpha release from mononuclear cells		Related		MNC-derived TNFalpha release may contribute to insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, particularly when the combination of PCOS and increased adiposity is present
8561874					Related		TNF-alpha may have a role in ovarian function. Derangement in follicular development, luteal function and atresia results in a change of circulating TNF-alpha levels
17087783		Hyperinsulinaemia			Related		The decrease in TNF-alpha concentrations during oGTT and the inverse correlation between endogenous hyperinsulinaemia and serum TNF-alpha concentrations suggested an anti-inflammatory effect of moderately-high insulin concentrations
17454173		PCOS	G1.697A (F5), G20.210A (Prothrombin)		Related	1 PCOS	This study describes the association of pseudotumor cerebri, optic nerve demyelination, PCOS, other endocrinologic abnormalities, and thrombophilia due to a factor V and prothrombin mutation
17716857	IL-6,stimulated production of IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10, leukocyte numbers and hsCRP	Cardiovascular risk,obesity and inflammation			Related		This data confirm that obesity plays a pivotal role in inflammatory processes relevant to cardiovascular risk in women with PCOS
20137676	Adiponectin,IL-6				Related		The higher levels of leptin and TNF-alpha, the lower level of adiponectin in obese PCOS and the higher level of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in non-obese PCOS suggested different adipocytokines play different roles of insulin resistance in PCOS
21628302	CRP,homocysteine,PAI-1,Lp(a),VEGF,IL-6,ADMA,endothelin-1 (ET-1) and fibrinogen	Cardiovascular disease		NIH criteria, Rotterdam criteria	Related		Women with PCOS have increased serum concentrations of CVD risk markers compared with controls.
22945299	CD11c,leptin	Inflammation and insulin resistance			Related		CD11c mRNA abundance made a stronger contribution to models predicting sTNF in which existing proinflammatory properties might significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of IR in PCOS women
23415973		PCOS		Rotterdam criteria	Related	45 women with PCOS, 45 controls	Thrombin generation is faster in young and overweight women with PCOS

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