VEGFA: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Database

Gene Information

Gene Symbol

VEGFA

Aliases

MVCD1, VEGF, VPF

Entrez Gene ID

7422

Gene Name

Vascular endothelial growth factor A

Chromosomal Location

6p21.1

HGNC ID

HGNC:12680

Summary

This gene is a member of the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. It encodes a heparin-binding protein, which exists as a disulfide-linked homodimer. This growth factor induces proliferation and migration of vascular endothelial cells, and is essential for both physiological and pathological angiogenesis. Disruption of this gene in mice resulted in abnormal embryonic blood vessel formation. This gene is upregulated in many known tumors and its expression is correlated with tumor stage and progression. Elevated levels of this protein are found in patients with POEMS syndrome, also known as Crow-Fukase syndrome. Allelic variants of this gene have been associated with microvascular complications of diabetes 1 (MVCD1) and atherosclerosis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been described. There is also evidence for alternative translation initiation from upstream non-AUG (CUG) codons resulting in additional isoforms. A recent study showed that a C-terminally extended isoform is produced by use of an alternative in-frame translation termination codon via a stop codon readthrough mechanism, and that this isoform is antiangiogenic. Expression of some isoforms derived from the AUG start codon is regulated by a small upstream open reading frame, which is located within an internal ribosome entry site. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2015]

RefSeq DNA

NG_008732.1

RefSeq mRNA

NM_001025366.3, NM_003376.6, NM_001025367.3, NM_001025368.3, NM_001025369.3, NM_001025370.3, NM_001033756.3, NM_001171622.2, NM_001171623.1, NM_001171624.1, NM_001171625.1, NM_001171626.1, NM_001171627.1, NM_001171628.1, NM_001171629.1, NM_001171630.1, NM_001204384.1, NM_001204385.2, NM_001287044.2, NM_001317010.1

e!Ensembl

Gene	ENSG00000112715
Transcript	ENST00000372067, ENST00000672860, ENST00000324450, ENST00000417285, ENST00000413642, ENST00000372055, ENST00000482630, ENST00000425836, ENST00000372064, ENST00000372077, ENST00000519767, ENST00000520948, ENST00000523873, ENST00000523950, ENST00000457104, ENST00000518689, ENST00000523125, ENST00000518824, ENST00000230480, ENST00000520265, ENST00000611736, ENST00000621747, ENST00000617771, ENST00000640653, ENST00000615393, ENST00000640482, ENST00000640499
Protein	ENSP00000361137, ENSP00000500082, ENSP00000317598, ENSP00000388663, ENSP00000389864, ENSP00000361125, ENSP00000421561, ENSP00000388465, ENSP00000361134, ENSP00000361148, ENSP00000430594, ENSP00000428321, ENSP00000430479, ENSP00000429643, ENSP00000409911, ENSP00000430829, ENSP00000429008, ENSP00000430002, ENSP00000230480, ENSP00000429592, ENSP00000478570, ENSP00000483241, ENSP00000484284, ENSP00000492199, ENSP00000478034, ENSP00000492800, ENSP00000492413

Gene Ontology (GO)

Show/Hide all(99 )

GO ID	Ontology	Function	Evidence	Reference
GO:0000122	Biological process	Negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA	18093989
GO:0001525	Biological process	Angiogenesis	IBA	21873635
GO:0001525	Biological process	Angiogenesis	IDA	11427521, 21771332
GO:0001570	Biological process	Vasculogenesis	TAS	15015550
GO:0001666	Biological process	Response to hypoxia	IBA	21873635
GO:0001666	Biological process	Response to hypoxia	IDA	16490744
GO:0001934	Biological process	Positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	IBA	21873635
GO:0001934	Biological process	Positive regulation of protein phosphorylation	IDA	18386220, 19033661
GO:0001938	Biological process	Positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IBA	21873635
GO:0001938	Biological process	Positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	IDA	9202027, 10022831, 12714610, 16489009, 18386220, 18577655, 20497126
GO:0002040	Biological process	Sprouting angiogenesis	IBA	21873635
GO:0002042	Biological process	Cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IDA	18059339, 20660291
GO:0002092	Biological process	Positive regulation of receptor internalization	IDA	20660291
GO:0002687	Biological process	Positive regulation of leukocyte migration	TAS	1312256
GO:0007399	Biological process	Nervous system development	TAS	15351965
GO:0008284	Biological process	Positive regulation of cell proliferation	IDA	7929439
GO:0008284	Biological process	Positive regulation of cell proliferation	IMP	26268439
GO:0008360	Biological process	Regulation of cell shape	IDA	7929439, 10527820
GO:0010595	Biological process	Positive regulation of endothelial cell migration	IDA	10022831, 19033661
GO:0010628	Biological process	Positive regulation of gene expression	IDA	18386220
GO:0010629	Biological process	Negative regulation of gene expression	IDA	28977001
GO:0010749	Biological process	Regulation of nitric oxide mediated signal transduction	IDA	16150726
GO:0030224	Biological process	Monocyte differentiation	IDA	21149635
GO:0030225	Biological process	Macrophage differentiation	IDA	21149635
GO:0030335	Biological process	Positive regulation of cell migration	IDA	7929439, 17470632
GO:0030949	Biological process	Positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA	1312256, 7929439
GO:0031334	Biological process	Positive regulation of protein complex assembly	IDA	16489009, 19033661
GO:0031954	Biological process	Positive regulation of protein autophosphorylation	IDA	20497126
GO:0032147	Biological process	Activation of protein kinase activity	IDA	18059339, 20497126
GO:0032793	Biological process	Positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity	IDA	20497126
GO:0033138	Biological process	Positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	IDA	18440775, 20497126
GO:0035148	Biological process	Tube formation	IDA	19033661
GO:0035767	Biological process	Endothelial cell chemotaxis	IDA	18440775
GO:0035924	Biological process	Cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor stimulus	IDA	18440775, 20497126
GO:0038033	Biological process	Positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxis by VEGF-activated vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA	18440775, 20497126, 21245381
GO:0038084	Biological process	Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	IBA	21873635
GO:0038091	Biological process	Positive regulation of cell proliferation by VEGF-activated platelet derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA	17470632
GO:0042531	Biological process	Positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	IDA	19390056
GO:0043066	Biological process	Negative regulation of apoptotic process	IMP	10066377, 11461089
GO:0043154	Biological process	Negative regulation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process	IDA	18386220
GO:0043406	Biological process	Positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	IDA	18440775
GO:0043536	Biological process	Positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration	IDA	9202027, 18440775, 20497126
GO:0045766	Biological process	Positive regulation of angiogenesis	IBA	21873635
GO:0045766	Biological process	Positive regulation of angiogenesis	IDA	18440775, 18577655, 19033661, 20497126
GO:0045766	Biological process	Positive regulation of angiogenesis	IMP	18275976
GO:0045785	Biological process	Positive regulation of cell adhesion	IDA	19674970
GO:0045944	Biological process	Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IDA	18059339
GO:0045944	Biological process	Positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	IMP	18093989
GO:0048010	Biological process	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IBA	21873635
GO:0048010	Biological process	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	IDA	21245381
GO:0050731	Biological process	Positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	IDA	10022831, 16489009, 21245381
GO:0050918	Biological process	Positive chemotaxis	IDA	20497126
GO:0050927	Biological process	Positive regulation of positive chemotaxis	IDA	7929439, 12744932
GO:0050930	Biological process	Induction of positive chemotaxis	IBA	21873635
GO:0050930	Biological process	Induction of positive chemotaxis	NAS	12744932
GO:0051272	Biological process	Positive regulation of cellular component movement	IDA	10527820, 12744932
GO:0051894	Biological process	Positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly	IDA	16489009
GO:0060754	Biological process	Positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis	IBA	21873635
GO:0061419	Biological process	Positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia	IMP	19652095
GO:0071456	Biological process	Cellular response to hypoxia	IDA	10575000
GO:0090037	Biological process	Positive regulation of protein kinase C signaling	IDA	18059339
GO:0090050	Biological process	Positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IDA	20551324
GO:0090050	Biological process	Positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IGI	24844779
GO:0090050	Biological process	Positive regulation of cell migration involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IMP	24865854
GO:0097533	Biological process	Cellular stress response to acid chemical	IDA	26299712
GO:0120162	Biological process	Positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis	ISS	26683794
GO:1900086	Biological process	Positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine autophosphorylation	IDA	20660291
GO:1900745	Biological process	Positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade	IDA	18386220
GO:1901727	Biological process	Positive regulation of histone deacetylase activity	IDA	20497126
GO:1903572	Biological process	Positive regulation of protein kinase D signaling	IDA	20497126
GO:1903589	Biological process	Positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell proliferation involved in sprouting angiogenesis	IGI	24844779
GO:1903672	Biological process	Positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	IDA	26299712
GO:1903672	Biological process	Positive regulation of sprouting angiogenesis	IGI	25251394
GO:0005615	Cellular component	Extracellular space	IBA	21873635
GO:0005615	Cellular component	Extracellular space	IDA	9202027, 16490744
GO:0005737	Cellular component	Cytoplasm	IDA	17082651
GO:0009986	Cellular component	Cell surface	IDA	17470632
GO:0030141	Cellular component	Secretory granule	IDA	17082651
GO:0031012	Cellular component	Extracellular matrix	NAS	14570917
GO:0001968	Molecular function	Fibronectin binding	IDA	14570917
GO:0005125	Molecular function	Cytokine activity	IDA	18440775
GO:0005161	Molecular function	Platelet-derived growth factor receptor binding	IPI	17470632
GO:0005172	Molecular function	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding	IBA	21873635
GO:0005172	Molecular function	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding	IPI	10471394, 11513746
GO:0005515	Molecular function	Protein binding	IPI	9393862, 10543948, 16763549, 17222790, 20660291, 22020326, 23374253, 23583373
GO:0008083	Molecular function	Growth factor activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0008083	Molecular function	Growth factor activity	IDA	9202027, 20497126
GO:0008201	Molecular function	Heparin binding	IDA	15001987
GO:0008201	Molecular function	Heparin binding	IMP	14570917
GO:0042056	Molecular function	Chemoattractant activity	IBA	21873635
GO:0042056	Molecular function	Chemoattractant activity	IDA	17082651, 18059339, 18440775, 20497126, 21245381
GO:0042802	Molecular function	Identical protein binding	IPI	12207021, 25132001
GO:0043183	Molecular function	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 binding	IBA	21873635
GO:0043183	Molecular function	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 binding	IPI	1312256
GO:0043184	Molecular function	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding	IBA	21873635
GO:0043184	Molecular function	Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 binding	IPI	1417831, 10022831, 20660291
GO:0046982	Molecular function	Protein heterodimerization activity	IDA	8702615
GO:0048018	Molecular function	Receptor ligand activity	IPI	20660291
GO:0050840	Molecular function	Extracellular matrix binding	IC	14570917

Protein Information

Protein Name

Vascular endothelial growth factor A, vascular endothelial growth factor A121, vascular endothelial growth factor A165, vascular permeability factor

Function

Growth factor active in angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and endothelial cell growth. Induces endothelial cell proliferation, promotes cell migration, inhibits apoptosis and induces permeabilization of blood vessels. Binds to the FLT1/VEGFR1 and KDR/VEGFR2 receptors, heparan sulfate and heparin. NRP1/Neuropilin-1 binds isoforms VEGF-165 and VEGF-145. Isoform VEGF165B binds to KDR but does not activate downstream signaling pathways, does not activate angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth. Binding to NRP1 receptor initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor neuron axon guidance and cell body migration, including for the caudal migration of facial motor neurons from rhombomere 4 to rhombomere 6 during embryonic development (By similarity).

Refseq Proteins

NP_001020537.2, NP_003367.4, NP_001020538.2, NP_001020539.2, NP_001020540.2, NP_001020541.2, NP_001028928.1, NP_001165093.1, NP_001165094.1, NP_001165095.1, NP_001165096.1, NP_001165097.1, NP_001165098.1, NP_001165099.1, NP_001165100.1, NP_001165101.1, NP_001191313.1, NP_001191314.1, NP_001273973.1, NP_001303939.1

UniProt

P15692

PDB

5O4E, 6BFT, 2QR0, 3BDY, 4QAF, 4DEQ, 5DN2, 1BJ1, 1CZ8, 1FLT, 1KAT, 1KMX, 1MJV, 1MKG, 1MKK, 1QTY, 1TZH, 1TZI, 1VGH, 1VPF, 1VPP, 2FJG, 2FJH, 2VGH, 2VPF, 3P9W, 3QTK, 3S1B, 3S1K, 3V2A, 4GLN, 4GLS, 4KZN, 4WPB, 4ZFF, 5FV1, 5FV2, 5HHC, 5HHD, 5T89, 6D3O